by Jas1 » Thu Jan 21, 2010 4:16 pm
It was the Production [or Hays Code- named after Will Hays- former US postmaster general who was in charge of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America [MPPDA]-who established a set of guidelines in 1930 that came into affect in 1934.
The guidelines came about due to growing public perception that Hollywood was awash with vice and immorality [on and off screen] - they also came about as a means of avoiding federal censorship.
Joseph Breen became head of the Production Code Administration [backed up by the Catholic Church's Legion of Decency] - maybe some of you have heard of [or read about] getting approval from the Breen office, for certain risque scripts.
The result of the guidelines/codes was a very strict censorship on certain depictions/ actions from 1934 until the late 1950s. The Code [although penetrated] was not abolished until 1968 when the ratings system [still in place] came into effect.
I know so much about the code as I once wrote a piece about 'De-coding the code' - arguing [particularly in film-noir] - that far from curtailing film makers': the code encouraged them to be ingenious in getting certain things past the code - look again at films such as Gilda; Maltese Falcon etc. See also 'The Postman Always rings twice' and in the 1950s, films such as 'Streetcar named desire'; 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'; Suddenly Last Summer and Butterfield 8 - also pushed boundaries.
Those who have read Doris' book will know it was due to the code the rape scene in Love me or Leave Me was cut to pieces - leaving very little in the finished/ released film! I also read somewhere that there either was a scene in Pillow Talk [or there was going to be] where Brad & Jan are in their respective baths and one drops the soap and feels around [split screen] for it - and again, due to the code, this did not proceed.
The rules of the code were quite often ridiculous- you will notice films before 1934 were in many ways more explicit than ones after [until the 1960s]. There is a Bette Davis film [pre-1934] where she openly lives with her boyfriend and things go wrong only when they marry! There is a film [again I cannot recall the title] during this time where it is heavily suggested Barbara Stanwyck 'pleasures' her boss in a washroom of a club. Bette Davis talking about her film 'The Letter' said the Hays office insisted her character die at the end of the film - as punishment for killing. Before the code, the character would have lived, as was intended in the original script.
The code also banned 'excessive and lustful kissing...'; 'suggestive postures and genstures...'; 'the technique of murder must be presented in a way that will not inspire imitation...'; etc etc - it also banned a man and woman [married or not in the script] to be on the same bed- unless at least one of them had a foot on the ground! Paradoxically, the code allowed - 'apparent cruelty to children or animals'; & 'the sale of women'; - provided they were 'within the careful limits of good taste...'- unbelievable I know!
Re- Doris & James and double beds - by 1963 they could have had a double bed - being married and all, so I don't think the code would have prevented this - I'd say it was just more to do with cosmetics; set design etc.